Manufacturing Processes
How parts are actually made. Metal 3D printing, CNC, injection molding, casting — the tolerances you can really hold and the defects that show up in production.
Playlist on YouTube01Powder Bed Fusion (Metal 3D Printing) ExplainedA laser melts metal powder layer by layer into a fully dense part. Here is the mechanism, the two ways the melting goes wrong, and why a part that looks perfect can crack weeks later.03CNC Machining Tolerances: What's Actually AchievableA tight number on a drawing is a budget you spend. What really sets the tolerance a machine can hold — the machine, the tool, the heat, the clamping and the number of setups — why the cost curve goes vertical as you tighten it, and the measuring floor underneath all of it.05Investment Casting vs Sand Casting: When to Use WhichA cast iron pan comes out rough and a golf club head comes out smooth, though both were cast. The one rule that separates sand casting from investment (lost wax) casting, each process step by step, the shrinkage both have to feed, and four questions that pick the right one for your part.